A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Term Paper Proposal Format and How to Avoid It

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Term Paper Proposal Format and How to Avoid It Term Paper Proposal Format Ideas Weigh the pros and the cons of picking the topic and, in case you have nothing else to question, then it's good to go. There are lots of paper templates to pick from, but the majority of the time your instructor will require a particular format for the entire class to follow. An alternative choice is to learn to structure a dissertation by going through plenty of on-line dissertation help websites. While there are lots of options on the internet today, some aren't always up to the perfect standards. The Importance of Term Paper Proposal Format Nevertheless, it's quite easy to put an order on account of the interface design. First, the approach begins by completing the purchase form. You pay just for the writing process, so the remainder of the services come at no cost. The process of earning an order is a simple and simple one. The Foolproof Term Paper Proposal Format Strategy It is preferable to have several sources so that you would have many diverse parts of information to select from. Go over this issue in terms of what it is that you're curious about. The following ideas will assist you in writing a dissertation in the right format and structure. Every subject that you study in a term has a definite number of lessons or units that you want to cover. Such Sample Proposals of research paper should be impressive to convince them to put money into such activities so the research goes smoothly. Week 6 Focus of the Final Paper The last paper is going to be a thorough research review of the substantial essentials of project management and the way to use project management for a discipline to successfully achieve organizational objectives. A research paper is ordinarily the very first step for students to acquire funding for their project, so it's vital to create a thoughtful and deep paper. A perfect dissertation paper is going to ha ve a well-researched topic, a suitable research methodology, an excellent literature review, a sound plan and finally a suitable format. You may also check on the characteristic of the greatest topic for term paper to get to understand the type of professional services that we're speaking about. On occasion a thesis can be formulated as a question that should be answered or a problem that should be resolved. How to structure the outline is undoubtedly a matter of private opinion. In any case, it's no problem for us to locate a good book or a different source for your undertaking. Hence, some pieces of advice which you might find about how to write all of them over the internet may not suit your precise area of study and your academic level too. Bear in mind, you're not setting out to conduct research as a way to prove a point. There is not a simple path to success. For instance, you might write the way your paper will provide the reader more insight on a particular topic or confirm a pre-declared hypothesis. Before you commence preparing an outline, we advise that you try to find the sources readily available on your topic. New Questions About Term Paper Proposal Format Proposals aim to get accepted by the people involved. A project proposal is a document that supplies information regarding the items that ought to be implemented andor executed to attain the desired project result. Conclusion Your proposal is your direct opportunity to win new company. What's a proposal and the way to write one. The Hidden Secret of Term Paper Proposal Format At the close of the day, it is crucial that you find the best value for your time and energy. Decide on a topic which you're comfortable working on. Should you need expert writing help, don't hesitate to visit EssayPro.com. The purpose here is to set your project within the bigger whole of what's currently being explored, while demonstrating to your readers your work is original and advanced. The significance of the outline in the research paper is clear. For a brief paper, of a few thousand words or less, an outline may not be vital. It is meant to help you establish a structure for a paper you are going to write. It is the first step in creating the structure for what will be said in the paper as well as how it will be said. Customized writing is the secret to a great dissertation paper Customized writing another major element that determines the standard of a dissertation paper. For a lengthier paper, it is critical, or you will wind up overwhelmed by the sheer quantity of information that you should assimilate, and write down. Basically, each and every outline for virtually any paper you must write, should be ready before you begin writing the contents for the work. You will realize that essay outline template papers arrive with a few data on them that it is possible to edit according to your own convenience but the expert appearance of the template is a great instance of executive purpose templates but at exactly the same time remains practical enough for commercial and education purposes.

Africas Health Care Crisis Essay - 1529 Words

The residents of Africa are suffering from preventable, treatable, and fatal diseases everyday at a higher rate compared to developed countries. The healthcare crisis in Africa is the primary cause of all these deaths, and includes inefficient healthcare systems. Consequently, Africans inefficient healthcare systems results in poor delivery of care and a shortage of health professionals. The healthcare crisis in Africa is a current issue impacting the lives of many Africans who dont have the same access to resources as developed countries such as the United States. These resources can save the lives of many Africans dying of preventable and curable disease, and understanding why the African continent has little access to them†¦show more content†¦The health of many women in Algeria which is part of Sub-Saharan Africa in 1990 were impacted by the poor health care system because they lived in poverty. Poverty caused these women to lack essential needs to live a quality lif e. They lacked or could not afford resources such as supplies, health care professionals, and facilities for healthcare, clean water, and waste disposal. This ultimately affected the health of women and their children. For instance, lack of clean water and waste disposal facilities can cause health abnormalities such as cholera or typhoid fever which can cause devastating deaths. This is a healthcare problem because of the lack of funding. The lack of funding prevents antibiotics from being used to prevent death, and prevents African’s from being vaccinated against typhoid fever. Another example of how poverty affects woman’s health is unintended pregnancy, which is because they are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. Its part of the health crisis because it includes a poor health system, and a lack of education about proper nutrition and behaviors during pregnancy. Complications in these pregnancies due to poor nutrition and not visiting the doctor regul arly includes increased infant mortality. Infant mortality in the slums of Nairobe is 91.3% while it is 75.9% in urban areas where there is a better developed healthcare system. The inferiority of poor Africans inShow MoreRelatedSouth Africas Aids Crisis and Solution990 Words   |  4 PagesWest and The World South Africa’s AIDS Crisis and Solution When visiting South Africa, I was intrigued at the beauty of the country, but was also curious as to how the country was dealing with one of Africa’s largest problems, AIDS/HIV. With the AIDS epidemic having started over 25 years ago, the disease continues to affect the population of Africa, especially South Africa, the nation with 5.6 million people living with HIV, the most in the world. Much of South Africa’s history of struggle withRead MoreEducation, Poor Health Care Services, And Lack Of Modern Technology1626 Words   |  7 PagesLack of education, poor health care services, and lack of modern technology, are all global issues that lead to today’s health care crisis in South Africa. There are many negative images of Africa and its people that are learned by reading and listening to documentaries and following the news. Everything negative from the genocide in Rwanda to child sex trafficking, extreme poverty, high mortality rates and government corruption. Taking aside the legacy of colonialism and racial and ethnic inequalitiesRead MoreCongo History1183 Words   |  5 Pagesand a temporary fragmentation of the country. In 1965 Mobutu Sese Seko seized power. Then in 1997  rebels ousted Mobutu and Laurent Kabila becomes president. From 1997 until 2003  there was another civil war, pulling in several surrounding countries (Africas first world war). From 2003 to 2016  conflict persisted in the east, where there are still armed groups. In 2006 the first free election in four decades took place. Joseph Kabila won the run-off vote.  In 2015 at least 30 were killed in protests againstRead MoreThe Worst Form Of Inequality1096 Words   |  5 Pagesis to make unequal things equal. African life is one of starvation uncertainty and hardship. Societies in First World Countries have what they need, even people who live below the poverty line have access to government assistance, and emergency health care. Third world or Developing countrie s have numerous social issues among them poverty, War, lack of healthcare, and corruption. Developing countries are defined by per Capital Gross National Income, 11,905 dollars or lower is considered a developingRead MoreFinancial Crisis Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has the biggest financial crisis ever since WWII. Which lasted from September 1, 1939, through September 2, 1945. It was a six-year and one-day battle. Whether or not the seventy-eight trend is strictly reminding us that revanchism (the political manifestation of the will to reverse territorial losses incurred by a country) hasnt changed. I recall my economics professor warning his class at the time that, another crisis will happen soon. So he asked the class, what do we fear moreRead MoreImf Structural Adjustment Programs in Africa1070 Words   |  5 Pagesother items -trade liberalization;reductions in barriers to trade, as well as foreign investment and ownership -increased role of the private sector in industry, which were previously owned by the government -reductions in government spending on health and education Regrettably, the economic model promoted in Africa by the IMF and subsequent SAP’s were not beneficial for African countries. Actually, SAP’s have impoverished people in Africa as will be seen using the examples of several African countriesRead MoreUrbanization And Population Growth : Prosperous Or Miserable?1190 Words   |  5 Pagesand less kids over time. The recent economic collapse could possibly lead to even lower birth rates since it will be almost twice as expensive to take care of kids. Currently the situation is not as critical, nevertheless, the birth rates are still going down and there are more and more deaths. The Russian Minister of health accuses the World Health Organization which according to her had â€Å"made a mistake this year in the current form of the flu vaccine.† People in Russia don’t only die from vaccinesRead MoreA New Strain : Ebola Debt1476 Words   |  6 Pagesbuild an effective public health infrastructure and has generat ed a new strain of the virus: Ebola Debt. Since the recent outbreak of Ebola in early 2014 politicians and public health officials have collaborated with the World Health Organization to dedicate the â€Å"Health System Fund† aiming to repay what a large portion of the population claims to be a debt to our allies, which beguiles the general public of its impact and portrays America as heroic for coming to Africa’s aid. While the principal focalRead MoreThe Decline Of A Fall1599 Words   |  7 Pagesreported either by the faller or a witness, resulting in a person inadvertently coming to rest on the ground or another lower level, with or without loss of consciousness or injury. The worldwide population of the older adult as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) may grow to 1.5 billion by the year 2050. The astounding fact is that approximately eighty percent (80%) will be living in developing countries. A ‘senior citizen’ or ‘older adult’ is defined as a person aged 65 years and olderRead MoreQuestions On The Stem Crisis1403 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The purpose of this practical assessment task is to inform students about the STEM crisis , the importance of STEM and how to create awareness of the current situation at hand. The current focus question of this practical assessment is how will the shortage of science skills and workers affect south Africa? I focused on where one can apply for further enrichment in science (eg: University); what the role of science is in day-to-day life; any economic uses; threats to the future of

Management and Business Singtel Optus Pvt Litimed

Question: Discuss about the Management and Businessfor Singtel Optus Pvt Litimed. Answer: Introduction The management of the business plays an important role in the enhancement of the business. This assignment highlights the critical issues that are related to the business and context of Optus. The various internal factors that affect the business and the business decisions of the business are highlighted in this assignment. The strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of the company are analyzed using the SWOT analysis and the external factors that is analyzed using the PESTLE analysis has been discussed in details. The various theories and concepts that affect the business structure of Optus are also mentioned in details. Body Singtel Optus Pvt Litimed is one of the second largest telecommunication companies in Australia. This company trades mainly under the name of Optus brand. The details of the business of Optus have been mentioned in details. The internal issues that affect the business of Optus is analyzed using the SWOT analysis. The strengths of Optus include being one of the largest telecom companies in Australia (Optus, 2017). The company provides one of the most reliable services to the people of Australia. With the enhancement in the growth in the mobile and internet services, across the country, the company has been growing rapidly. The strengths also include the major investment in the home telephone. However, the weaknesses include the loss of the first movers advantage. Moreover, the limited regional presence compared to the competitors who have a global presence results in the potential weakness of the company. The opportunities that are relevant for the company includes the shift in the in dustry from the telephonic communication to the voice over Internet protocol. The company is able to expand and venture into the domain of voice over IP. Moreover, the competition among the wired networks also presents a good opportunity for the business organization. The steady increase in the usage of the internet among the people could provide an opportunity for Optus to expand their business to cater to the growing demand. An in depth analysis of the opportunities play an important role in the business decision. The business decision is taken considering the opportunities that could be taken up by the company (Optus, 2017). Along with considering the strengths and weaknesses, along with highlighting the opportunities, it is important to highlight the threats as well. The threats include the competition for laying the fiber optics as well as giving direct access to these fiber optic lines (Dobscha, Mentzer Littlefield, 2015). With newer technologies upcoming every day, the compa ny struggles to cope up with the speed of the new technologies. Merger and acquisition might also reduce the share price of the markets. Moreover, competitors such as Vodafone Australia and Telstra has been rising in competition, thus giving a threat to the business of Optus. Another framework that is used efficiently to analyse the impact of the internal forces is the McKinsey 7S framework Structure: The structure of Optus is an efficient one and it provides a productive platform for technological advancement (Optus, 2017). Strategy: The strategy of the company is to provide advanced technological support and enhance the communication system to satisfy the customers. Skills: The highly skilled employees ensure that the productivity of the company is high enough. Staff: The staffs are friendly and hard workers, with innovation (Fan, Wong Zhang, 2013). Style: High technology communication solution is provided by the company. System: The framework incorporates a smooth operation of the organization, with productive providers and strategic framework alongside proficient staffs (Zeng Song, 2014). Shared values: The common qualities incorporate accomplishing clients' fulfillment and goodwill. The external environmental factors that play a pivotal role in the business decision and the business strategy could be analyzed using the PESTLE analysis. Factors Impact Political factors Optus and its business of is affected by the political conditions of Australia. The political turmoil and instability in Australia, accompanied by with changes in the trading rules and regulations of the Australian government affects the business of Optus negatively (Optus, 2017). Economic factors The economic factor has a pivotal role to play in determining the business of any organization. Moreover, recession and inflation of the business market affects the business of Optus. Moreover, the economic instability affects the business of Optus negatively (Optus, 2017). As a telecommunication company, during economic instability the clients and customers might not invest in telecommunication. Social Factors The social factors include the changing trends of communication and the use of Voice over IP than the conventional communication systems provides opportunity for expansion and growth. Cost based competition plays an essential role in enhancing the business of Optus. The changing social trends of adoption of improved ways of communication are also an essential factor. Technological factors To be in the leading position, it is important that Optus upgrade their technology and offer advanced communication systems. Moreover, the advanced technology needs to be offered at a cheap rate. Thus, the up gradation of the technology also affects the business of Optus positively (Optus, 2017). Legal factors The licensing and considering the trading rules are included in the legal factors. Environmental factors The environment might be negatively affected by the increase in the number of satellites for advanced communication. However, the environment protection needs to be considered while advanced technology is used by Optus. The external environmental factors that has a significant impact is also analysed using the Porters Five force model. The five forces that casts a strong effect are as follows: Suppliers power: The supplier power of Optus is quite strong. In order to provide advanced telecommunication facilities, the company has to depend on various suppliers. Since the company is one of the leading telecommunication companies, hence the best suppliers are attached to Optus. Hence, the suppliers power is strong. Threat of new Entrants: This is a strong threat to Optus. This is because, with the growth and advancements in the telecommunication technology, many new companies have been growing up, and thus results in a threat of new entrants to Optus (Wheelen et al., 2015). Threats of the substitutes: The threat of an able substitute is less since Optus is an established telecommunication company, and cannot be easily substituted by any other company. However, the companies such as Telstra and Vodafone Australia has been gaining power in the market, thus providing a substitute for the customers of Optus (Stein Ramaseshan, 2016). Buyers power: The buyers power of Optus is strong enough and the range of customers include individuals as well as large companies and corporate. Competitor rivalry: The rivalry with other companies and healthy competition would motivate the staffs of Optus to incorporate innovation in their products and services. Risk assessment for Optus is as follows: Poor determination of the providers: One of the real dangers confronted by Optus is choice of the poor providers. Since Optus have an expansive territory of administrations and items, thus an assortment of providers should be contracted Choice of poor providers would bring about corruption of the matter of Optus (Optus, 2017). Poor checking of the contenders: The contenders should be observed consistently, with the end goal that the contenders do not overwhelm the organization. However, the absence of standard observing would bring about loss of business of Optus (Gollenia, 2016). Low reactions to financial changes: It is essential to react to the economic changes in the country in which it operates. Carelessness of reactions to the financial changes brings about loss of profitability of business (Rothaermel, 2015). The organizational practices of Optus that would enhance the business are: High performance practices: High execution framework should be polished by the representatives of Optus with the end goal that the workers are aligned to work diligently and are motivated to accomplish the organizational goals. Control: Adequate power is given to the workers of Optus with the end goal that they can take independent decision, as and when required. This division of power is vital for the fruitfulness and enhancement of business. Adequate information: A productive data framework is accessible at Optus and the required access to the information is given to the employees. Rewards and recognition: The reward and recognition plays an important role in improving the productivity. Giving adequate incentives to the employees motivate them to work sincerely. Thus, rewards and recognition plays an essential role in improving the productivity. Conclusion Optus is one of the largest telecommunication companies in Australia. This essay highlights the hierarchical structures of Optus along with the factors that affect the business of the company. The external conditions such as the political and economic factors are investigated using PESTLE analysis and Porter's five forces. The internal factors are analyzed using the SWOT and McKinsey 7S framework. The risks that the firm may face are also included in this assignment. The risks include the failure to identify the suppliers as well as the competitors that might prove to be threats to the company. Thus, a complete overview of Optus is presented in this assignment. References Dobscha, S., Mentzer, J. T., Littlefield, J. E. (2015). Do external factors play an antecedent role to market orientation?. InProceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 333-337). Springer International Publishing. Fan, J. P., Wong, T. J., Zhang, T. (2013). Institutions and organizational structure: The case of state-owned corporate pyramids.Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization,29(6), 1217-1252. Gollenia, L. A. (2016).Business Transformation Management Methodology. Routledge. Optus, S. (2017). Optus - Mobile Phones, Broadband Internet, NBN, TV, Home Phone.Optus.com.au. Retrieved April 17, 2017, from https://www.optus.com.au/ Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Stein, A., Ramaseshan, B. (2016). Towards the identification of customer experience touch point elements.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,30, 8-19. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., Hoffman, A. N., Bamford, C. E. (2015).Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy: Globalization, Innovation, and Sustainability. Zeng, P., Song, T. (2014). Exploring Driving Forces for Business Model Innovation: The Integrative Perspective of Internal and External Factors.Chinese Journal of Management,7, 008.

Physics Relevance Essays - Acceleration, Aether Theories

Physics Relevance By [emailprotected] One aspect of physics in my life is gravity. Whenever I loose my balance, whether I'm on a bike, walking, or trying to stand on one leg, I will fall down. This is because every mass is attracted to every other mass, so my body is attracted to the earth, and the earth is attracted to my body, only not as much, because my body has a much smaller mass than the earth. This is also why when I drop something; it falls down, instead of just floating there like it would in space. This is very important in my life, because if I am not careful or if I start ignoring this aspect of physics I will fall, and end up with a bunch of bruises. This is also why when picking something up, or carrying something, I have to be careful not to drop it or break it. There is also a chance that gravity will cause something to fall on top of me, and that would hurt. This all may sound like a bad thing, but actually gravity has many good uses to, like with out gravity it would be very hard to find anything, because everything would just float away. It would also be a lot harder for people to get around, because cars wouldn't be able to ride on the ground. And we also wouldn't be able to walk, we would have to bounce from one place to another, and there would probably be a lot of midair collisions because people would not be able to control themselves. But if you think about it, these problems would not even exist if there was no gravity, because that would be nothing holding earth around the sun, so we would all freeze to death. The earth would also have no atmosphere, so we would not be able to breathe anything, and we would all suffocate.

Checks Balances Within The US Government

Checks Balances Within The US Government Free Online Research Papers What is a check? What is a balance? What is being checked or balanced? Why exactly would we need something to be checked or balanced? â€Å"Checks and Balances† is a metaphor borrowed from Clockwork (Bailyn 274). In the past days, John Harrington had compared the principle of rotation to the working of a screw or a vice (Harrington 249). From there this political metaphor gained momentum and eventually popularity owing to the endeavours of the likes of Baron de Montesquieu. The constitution of the United States is a paradigmatic example of this. This constitution is a brainchild and consequence of many events that preceded it. It strived to cater for various goals of the founding fathers, of which a fundamental one was to balance the effects of power and preclude tyranny. Consequently, federalism was applied in order to balance the national and state governments and therefore ebb the extents of power in hands of the national government. Thomas Jefferson and other founders were convinced that government at the state level was more democratic by virtue of being closer to the general people, and thus federalism came forth. Another system was, of course, the system of checks and balances. It was envisaged that this system would prevent any one branch of government exceeding its powers and therefore prevent dictatorship. After escaping from British rule, the last thing the founding fathers wanted to have was one such system in their own country. This system divided the government into three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) with all branches stipulated certain independent and overlapping powers. I n a nutshell, legislative branch makes the laws, the executive branch implements it, while the judicial branch interprets it. Checks and balances is essentially a system designed to prevent a particular branch of the government gaining too much power over another. It ensures a systemic balance in the government structure. The executive branch includes the President and his federal bureaucracy, who have powers over the legislature (Senate and the House of Representatives). The president’s biggest power over the legislature is the power to veto. For example, President Johnson vetoed bills brought by the Congress over 20 times after the Civil War. As for the judicial branch, Supreme Court judges are appointed on a lifetime basis, but they are not above impeachment. Similarly, the President can not appoint judges without the senate’s approval. The President and Congress may agree upon a law, but the Supreme Court can declare that law unconstitutional. Checks and balances have obviously practical implications in the lives of Americans. At the executive branch, the presidential powers include the ability to approve or veto bills (except for pocket veto), carrying out federal laws, endorsing and signing treaties, granting general pardons to federal offenders, appointing judges and high ranking federal officials, acting as the commander in chief of the armed forces. He can also refuse to spend money allocated for specific purposes. As a commander in chief of the armed forces he can also wage war. Interestingly, the pardons signed by the President are not subject to the approval of any other branch of the government or even the recipient. The checks on the President’s executive powers include the power of congress to override any veto by a two-third majority vote, refusal to confirm appointments or ratify treaties, etc. Furthermore, Congress can impeach or remove a President and declare a war. The legislative powers of the congr ess include passing federal laws and establishing lower federal courts and the number of federal judges. It also enacts taxes, authorizes borrowing and setting of budget, reserves the sole power to declare a legal war, authorize investigation against the President or high ranking federal officials, and ratifies treaties. The checks on Congress’ powers include the president’s power to veto a federal bill, and Supreme Court’s ability to render a law unconstitutional. Furthermore, within the legislative branch, both houses of Congress must vote successfully for a law to pass. As for the judicial branch, it is designed to interpret and apply laws by trying federal cases. It also determines which laws apply to which case, has the sole power to nullify laws that conflict with a more important law, or constitution, determines the disposition of prisoners, has power to compel testimony and production of evidence. A unique quality of the judicial branch is that it police s its own members and is traditionally immune to arbitrary dismissal by other branches of the government. Also, it can declare laws and policies passed by Congress and executive acts (presidential) unconstitutional. Numerous real life conflicts have put this system to test over the past couple of centuries. President Woodrow Wilson diligently worked on a peace treaty named the Treaty of Versailles that would have ended the first World War. In 1918, however, Congress refused to ratify it. In 1987 President Reagan appointed Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court. In the end, this nomination was refused. After the end of Civil War, Congress overrode more than 20 vetoes by the Presidents. In 1935 and 1936 two Roosevelt programs named NIRA and AAA were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Whether or not this system of checks and balances stands as important as it was at the beginning of â€Å"American Experiment† begs a closer scrutiny of its benefits and demerits. A strong argument in favour of checks and balances is that it has been functional for over 200 years and shows no imminent signs of failure – the longest for any current constitution in the world. President Nixon’s resignation over Watergate scandal and Bill Clinton’s infamous impeachment trial over the affair with Monica Lewinsky are proofs that the system still ably guards the United States from tyrannical administrations, widespread corruption and scandalous cover-ups. Also, the constitution is extremely difficult to amend as backed up by the fact that the last amendment was done in 1992. This means protective measures can’t be easily amended from the constitution, which ensures the constitution to remain a workable solution for the future. Another great benefit of this system is its enthusiastic promotion of bipartisanship. The two major parties Republicans and Democrats ought to work together to make the government more efficient and legislation easier. Without this cohesiveness at the party level it would be highly difficult for the executive branch to pass any law, which would create a political gridlock. For example, George W Bush reaped the benefit of bipartisanship to get education reform bills passed in 2001-2002. Bill Clinton, on the other hand, found his healthcare reform bill defeated as he ignored the input of the Republicans on the issue during his tenure. A major argument against checks and balances is the idealistic and somewhat naive expectations behind it, which actively depends on the assumption that fair bipartisanship will exist and ignores the contradiction of interests between different branches. Many of these contradictions shouldn’t have been allowed under any political system – especially this one – considering it was specifically devised to prevent it. For instance, the Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq wars have underscored the ability of executive branch to grossly circumvent the system altogether. None of these wars passed any form of approval from the Congress, which generally issues a declaration of war first. Furthermore, this system sometimes encourages a deadlock rather than preventing it. For example, Bill Clinton faced a major crisis with passage of his federal budget in 1995. Legislative and executive branches comprised of opposing parties, and this coupled with the lack of bipartisanship resulted in closing down of the government once money ran out. Thankfully for Clinton, he was able to manoeuvre through the gridlock and eventually got the budget passed. Again, with Clinton, in 1997 and early 1998 the Senate refused to take any action on many of Clinton’s appointments of new federal court nominees. This is known as a major check on presidential authority. This dispute between Clinton and the Senate meant that there weren’t enough federal judges to handle the workload in federal courts for a considerable period of time. This is a sterling example that two branches of the government working together doesn’t necessarily translate to administrative efficacy, and it is naive to expect both parties to play fair – especially on the event of a major election. On the surface, these examples highlight the necessity of a more robust system to counter the possibility of legislative versus executive impasse. During the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, English author Walter Bagehot said, â€Å"The English Constitution, in a word, is framed on the principle of choosing a single sovereign authority, and making it good: the American, upon the principle of having many sovereign authorities, and hoping that the multitude may atone for their inferiority. (Bagehot 293). To combat these drawbacks many political scientists have suggested the introduction of a parliamentary system. Former President Woodrow Wilson was an avid advocate of one such system as he agrees with the spirit of Bagehot’s stance: â€Å"It is not necessary to assent to Mr. Bagehot’s strictures; but it is not possible to deny the clear-sighted justice of this criticism. In order to be fair to the memory of our great constitution-makers, however, it is necessary to remember that when they sat in convention in Philadelphia the English Constitution, which they copied, was not the simple system which was before Mr. Bagehot’s eyes when he wrote.† (Wilson 164) These demerits aside, there is a debate on the extent of power the different branches inherit. Traditionally the judicial branch is considered the weakest and executive the most powerful. While the Constitution does not explicitly declare any branch of the government to be more powerful than another, in practice a branch’s power to defend itself from influence of another is understandably scoped. James Madison illustrates this point in Federalist 51: â€Å"It is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.† Additionally, this concept of checks and balances is seen by some as a prominent beacon of American exceptionalism. In fairness, the system of checks and balances is one that has been implemented for over 200 years, and was formulated by a group of politicians who had little idea of what the union would turn into after such a lengthy period of time. Despite that, one must consider the fact that all the branches of the government are readily restricted by the Constitution and the checks and balances implemented from within. No tyranny or dictatorship is yet to sprout off this system till this date, and that is a testament to the effectiveness of this concept. The infrequent lapses and impasses are natural of any such political system and should not be hold against the practical success of this system. Therefore the system of checks and balances does truly pass the test of time and till this date remains as important in maintaining the harmony of different government branches as it did at the advent of the â€Å"American Experiment†, and as such no wholesale constitutional reform is required in foreseeable future. Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), p. 274. Harrington, Political Works, 249. Baron de Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 18 July 2003. Stanford University. 30 August 2007. Checks and balances in the government of the United States of America, 31 August 2007 http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=477935lastnode_id=0 Emory Law School: Historical Documents – Constitution of the United States, 30 August 2007 < law.emory.edu/index.php?id=3080> 34. The Bork Nomination, 30 August 2007 Minority Presidents and Democratic Performance in Latin American Politics and Society, 28 August 2007 Walter Bagehot, Eng|lish| Const|ituition|. P. 293 Walter Bagehot, Eng|lish| Const|ituition|. P. 296 Woodrow Wilson: The Essential Political Writings, Edited by Ronald J. Pestritto, P. 164 James Madison: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances between Different Departments, The Federalist # 51, Indepdendent Journal, Wednesday, February 6, 1788 Rick Tilman. Thorstein Veblens Views on American Exceptionalism: An Interpretation. Journal of Economic Issues. 39#1 2005. Voss, Kim. The Making of American Exceptionalism: The Knights of Labor and Class Formation in the Nineteenth Century(1993) Checks and Balances – MSN Encarta, November 01 2007, < http://encarta.msn.com/text_761585772___3/Checks_and_Balances.html> Research Papers on Checks & Balances Within The US GovernmentPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Never Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)

50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix) 50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix) 50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix) By Mark Nichol Who knew there were this many ways to alter a word to connote belittlement or affection, or merely diminishment in size? Now, you do. Here’s a big list of little affixes: 1. -aster: This generally pejorative suffix denoting resemblance was common a couple hundred years ago but is rare today; the only well-known surviving instance is poetaster, a word describing an inferior poet. 2. -cule: This ending, sometimes with the letter c omitted, is common in medical and scientific vocabulary. Capsule and molecule are common examples; animalcule, referring to minute organisms such as bacteria, is rare in lay usage. 3. -culus: This direct borrowing from Latin is rarer than its Frenchified counterpart; calculus is perhaps the best-known form, though homunculus (â€Å"little man†) is an interesting example. 4. -el: This unassuming French diminutive appears frequently in ordinary language: chapel and tunnel are only two of many examples. 5-6. -ella, -ello: The feminine form of this Italian suffix is best known as part of Cinderella’s name; among objects, novella is perhaps the most familiar usage. When appended to a person’s name, -ella is often used in forming the scientific name of a species of bacteria, as in salmonella (the legacy of one D. E. Salmon). The masculine form is seen in bordello. 7. -elle: This rare suffix occurs in organelle. 8. -en: This suffix denotes a small or young form, as in kitten, though chicken is a reverse example: Originally, in Old English (as cicen), the term for adults was fowl, and chicken denoted a young bird. It also refers what something is made of, as in woolen. 9. -erel: As with -rel, words ending in -erel are sometimes pejorative, as in doggerel. 10. -ers: This diminutive does not literally suggest a reduction in size; it’s employed in coining slang such as bonkers and preggers. 11. -ster: This diminutive refers to a person who does or is what the root word indicates: gangster (and bankster, the recently coined sardonic extension in reaction to the perceived criminality of large banks), youngster. 12-13. -et, -ette: The masculine form of this French diminutive appears in such ubiquitous words as faucet and wallet. The feminine form of -et, more common in English than the masculine form, is seen in words such as cigarette and kitchenette. 14-15. -etto, -etti: The singular and plural Italian equivalents of -et are evident in borrowings from that language such as amaretto and spaghetti. 16. -ie: Words with this suffix are from English (as in doggie), Scottish (for example, laddie), or Dutch (such as cookie), or are diminutives of personal names, as in Charlie. 17. -il: Words ending in -il, such as codicil and pencil, came to English from Latin through French. 18-19. -illa, -illo: This Spanish diminutive appears in such words as vanilla and cigarillo. 20-21. -illus, -illi: This Latin form is rare, confined in usage to bacillus/bacilli and lapillus/lapilli. 22. -ine: This French diminutive is on display in figurine, tambourine, and the like. Sometimes, as with linguine, words so appended derive from Italian. 23-25. -ina, -ino -ini: These feminine and masculine forms, of Italian or Spanish origin, are shown in marina, palomino, and many other words. The plural form, -ini, is mostly associated with food: panini, zucchini. 26. -ing: This English diminutive generally appears in references to fractions or parts, as in farthing or tithing. 27. -ish: This suffix can be added to almost any noun to create an adjective noting the connection or similarity of one thing to another: English, greenish. 28-29. -ita, -ito: Spanish words including the feminine form -ita (such as fajita) and -ito (burrito, for example) have been borrowed into English. 30. -kin: This Dutch diminutive is usually found in obscure words like cannikin, but napkin survives in general usage; mannequin, more common than the Dutch-derived manikin, is the only French derivation to be used widely in English. The plural form is often attached to given names to form an affectionate diminutive: Mollykins, for example. 31. -le: Words with this ending can either be of Latin origin (such as article or particle which, like particular, stems from particula) or from Middle English (bundle, puddle). 32–33. -let, -lette: These forms, respectively indirectly and directly borrowed from French, are seen, for example, in booklet and roulette; omelet was formerly written as omelette. 34. -ling: Words formed with this diminutive are generally but not exclusively affectionate: darling, duckling, but underling. 35. -o: This diminutive can be endearing or belittling: kiddo, wacko. 36. -ock: This form from Old English is best know in the plural usage buttocks, but it’s also recognizable in hillock, mattock, and other words. 37. -ola: This artificial suffix is seen in slang (payola) or current or former brand names (respectively, Victrola and granola or pianola). 38. -ole: This rare French suffix appears in casserole. 39-40. -olo, -oli: Piccolo, borrowed from Italian by way of French, is a double diminutive, because the root word means â€Å"little†; ravioli includes a plural form of -olo. 41. -olus: This Latin diminutive shows up in scientific terminology from Latin, such as nucleolus. 42-43. -ot, -otte(s): These French endings are rare in common nouns (harlot, culottes) but are seen in given names like Charlotte and Margot. 44. -rel: This more common variant of -erel is often but not always pejorative: mongrel and scoundrel, but not kestrel. 45-46. -sie(s) or -sy: The first variant of this baby-talk slang is found, for example, in footsie and onesies, while the second appears in teensy-weensy and the like and names like Betsy. 47. -ula: This Latin suffix shows up in formula, spatula, and other words. 48. -ule: This diminutive, found in granule, nodule, and other words, comes directly from Latin or indirectly from it through French. 49. -ulum: This Latin suffix appears in such words as pabulum and pendulum. 50. -y: This form, with doubling of the preceding letter, is seen both in diminutives of given names, such as Bobby and Patty, and in words like puppy and mommy. In addition, the flexible prefix mini- is easily attached to any existing word, such as in miniskirt, minivan, and so on. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†Driver License vs. Driver’s LicensePrepositions to Die With

Counseling Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Counseling Theory - Essay Example 177). Adlerians believe that the holistic approach automatically follows, in that if a counselor can help individuals, society as a whole will benefit. Major Concepts Holistic and Existentialist Alder’s theory will be integrated into my student counseling because it directs greater attention to the student as an individual. Alder’s approach is individualistic and as such departs from the Freudian concept that everyone can be viewed as having the same mannerisms and motivations for coping with human demands. For Alder, the individual’s response system is influenced by individual factors such as â€Å"social history† which â€Å"fashions his or her personality in a unique way† (Day 2008, p. 176). In this regard, Alerian psychology is holistic in nature and appropriate for counseling students who are developing as individuals. Students can also be influenced by peers and in this regard Alderian psychology as an integrated part of my student development counseling approaches can help the student to develop independence. Alderian psychology takes the position that â€Å"personal choice† is very important (Day 2008, p. 176). In addition to providing a potential for change, personal choice or the freedom to make choices also emphasizes that the individual is responsible for his or her own conduct although we may not always be comfortable accepting this burden. Therefore Alderian psychology is also referred to as â€Å"existential† since it targets complexities of being such as â€Å"freedom, choice, responsibility and the meaning of life† (Day 2008, p. 176). The student will therefore learn that only he/she can take responsibility for his/her conduct. Style of Life The style of life theory will be integrated into my counseling program to help the student build character. The style of life theory features prominently in Alderian psychology. It refers to those elements that direct the character and are established by the time the individual is 6 years old. These elements are virtually static and unchanging during the individual’s life time. They include the â€Å"internal sources of† an individual’s â€Å"values, beliefs, goals, and interests† (Day 2008, p. 177). Style of life will therefore play a significant role in how the individual interprets his or her own experiences. Style of life is thus not unlike the individual personality in that it is constant and influential throughout the lifespan (Day 2008, p. 177). Birth Order In order to help me understand my client student’s individual difficulties, I will integrate Alerian birth order approach to student counseling. The family’s â€Å"psychological make-up† influences the child’s style of life (Day 2008, p. 177). For Alder, birth order depicts the child’s â€Å"chronological place in the family† (Day 2008, p. 179). For instance the eldest child could be â€Å"dominantâ €  and could be the â€Å"most responsible, most conservative† and most driven to achieve (Day 2008, p. 179). This could occur as a result of feelings of inferiority after the birth of a second child. These feelings of inferiority could drive the eldest child to reassert his place throughout the lifespan. The youngest child has a tendency to be â€Å"more dependent, less responsible and socially apprehensive† (Day 2008, 179). Likewise the second eldest child is not as conservative as the eldest child this can be a result of the fact that parenting is looser upon the birth of a se

Did the French revolution and the Bolshevik revolution each improve Essay

Did the French revolution and the Bolshevik revolution each improve the lives of the Women - Essay Example The women were only defined by sex their and not by their innate capability and ambitions. Even though the Enlightenment writers seemed to advocate for women liberation, they had a limited scope; there was nothing like public rights. This essay shall critically evaluate various facets of both French Revolution and Bolshevik Revolution in an attempt to establish whether they really improved the lives of women. Years before the onset of Bolshevik Revolution, women had no voice in the Soviet Union. The women were treated as inferior sex that had no right to participate in any public event. In fact, most of them were left for peasantry jobs and house chores. The industrial jobs were preserved for men. Women would come from the farm and attend to her household at home. In France, the perception of women was not very far from that in Russia. The Enlightenment writers gave men more powers over women, just like John Locke had formulated. Rousseau, for instance, insisted on the traditional roles of women. He stated that women should limit their participation to family level. He discouraged any active participation of women in public and political events. Most women in France were, thus, peasants, laundresses and shopkeepers1. There was also no formal education for this gender. Education was only for few men who belonged to the middle and upper classes. A woman needed not to be educated, as claimed the chauvinists. Her work was to educate the girl child. The lack of formal education limited the chances of women securing job opportunities in some service industries. In France, Rousseau had argued that if a woman was to obtain any form of education, the knowledge should only be used to manage the family and not in any public offices. The arguments of Rousseau raise questions about his reasoning, him being a learned person. How can such a great scholar be in support of oppression? The French Revolution that began in 1790 was marred with

Sports Drinks Essay Example for Free

Sports Drinks Essay Energy drinks, sports drinks, recovery drinks†¦call them what you will, their names still suggest that theyre designed for hard-working athletes. These days, however, it seems that everyone is tipping them back. But who really needs them? I recommend sports drinks for intense exercise that lasts for more than an hour, says Suzanne Farrell, R. D. , a registered dietitian and spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association. For anything under an hour, water is fine. Thats because you dont need a 200-calorie burst of refreshment for a brief stint on the treadmill (remember, taking in more calories than you burn will eventually lead to weight gain), and your body isnt depleted of the electrolytes these drinks are designed to quickly replace. If your routine frequently falls into the intense exercise for more than an hour category, and youre shopping for a sports drink, be sure to read the nutrition label. Make sure your sports drink contains potassium and sodium—the electrolytes your body sweats out. And you can skip the vitamin-enriched drinks. According to Farrell, you should be getting your vitamins and nutrients from food; sports drinks make a poor substitute. And, finally, study your choices. Sports drinks are trendy and, as a result, lots of options—and imposters—have popped up. Make sure youre consuming a drink designed to fit your workout level—without excessive calories. And beware of energy drinks filled with nothing but sugar and caffeine—Red Bull, Full Throttle, Mountain Dew AMP and the like shouldnt be confused with sports drinks.

Critical Review of a Technology and Economics Article :: Economics Essays

The article Digital Technology and Institutional Change from the Gilded Age to Modern Times: The Impact of the Telegraph and the Internet describes the difficulties that exist when trying to create an accurate economic model showing responses to new, economy changing, technologies. The author Ronnie Phillips mainly focuses on institutional economics and, by showing the history of other technological advances, the need for institutional analysis. He explains how the challenge is to explain societal change, recognize what and how it happens, and create policies that will "foster" increased living standards throughout the world. The way that the author forms his article is by first giving a rather exhaustive history of the telegraph, and reviews the impact that it had when it became a major form of fast communication. He then goes over some factors that are essential to understanding the evolution of society. One, that technology is of the nature of a "joint stock of knowledge for humankind"; two, the role institutions and organizations (like the government) play in the development of the technology; three, a so-called ceremonial encapsulation and path dependency; and four, the unpredictability of technological change and it’s impact on society. The last half of the article addresses institutional economics, while not very clearly, he writes about the institutional changes that the internet has had on the economy, while going into a short history of the growth of the internet. The conclusion of the article involves an argument/discussion about whether or not the arguments presented in the article substantiate a "new institutional" or "old institutional" methodology versus whether or not they fall within neoclassical theory. Many questions remain unanswered through the end, and even more are raised right in the last paragraph. Although the author does raise some very interesting and provoking questions in the beginning of the article, unfortunately, some of them are very difficult to answer, or just can’t be answered. While the article doesn’t solve any problems, it does raise awareness and creates some interesting connections with the present and the past. The overall question the author wishes to answer is "how can economists understand and explain the nature of societal change?" The information is explained mostly through a narrative history with a short quantitative analysis of the growth of the telegraph and the Internet.

Rescue at Sea Essay

Although it’s been almost two years now, I can still remember that day as if it were yesterday. We were all glued in front of the television, when dad came rushing into the house after work to tell us that he had just bought a new cabin cruiser. He promised us that the following week he’d take us all on a fishing trip. We were all very excited and happy at the prospect of it. I spent the next few days daydreaming about how wonderful it would be. When the much-awaited day finally came, and dad drove us to the yacht marina, I was awe-struck by the sheer beauty of the boat, shimmering in that hot sunny August morning. After we packed everything onto the boat, dad started the engine and steered it slowly out of the harbour. We headed out until we were a good distance from the shore. Then, when we found what seemed like a good spot for fishing, dad stopped the engine and lowered the anchor. The sky was crystal clear and the sea was as calm as a sheet of glass. We spent a good couple of hours basking in the sun, fishing rods in hand, without a care in the world. It was fantastic just being there, staring out at the beautiful blue sea. After we had caught a good number of fish, it was time to eat. Mum had prepared some delicious sandwiches and, famished as we were, we didn’t need much convincing – we sank our teeth into the food like hungry predators and gobbled up the whole lot in a matter of seconds. We must have lost track of time, chatting and laughing, because the next thing I remember is being plunged into a darkness so thick one could almost cut it with a knife. Looking around, it was all pitch black, as if someone had thrown a drape over us. Then, out of nowhere, a big wave came crushing into the boat, nearly toppling us all overboard. If that wasn’t bad enough, we could hear the ominous rumbling of thunder in the distance – it was unbelievable how the weather had changed so quickly before our very own eyes. The storm was creeping up on us fast and it wasn’t long before all hell broke loose and the rain started to come down in showers. It was like a sheet of water coming down over us, drenching us to the bone/skin. The rain was so dense and heavy that we could barely breathe. Dad immediately rushed to start the engine but it would not start. He tried and tried, but it was all in vain – the engine was dead. For that split  second it took us to realise what was going on, we all just stared at each other without saying a word. The panic-stricken look on our face said it all – we were stranded/left high and dry in the middle of nowhere! We were scared out of our wits. Mum was as white as a ghost. To make matters worse, without the engine, we were at the mercy of the sea. The waves were getting higher and the boat was taking in water, fast. Then, when we had given up all hope and thought we were doomed, we started to hear what seemed like the sound of a helicopter approaching. At first the sound was very faint and barely noticeable over the sound of the torrential rain and howling wind, but it kept growing stronger and stronger until, one by one, we all realised what it meant – our prayers were answered and we were going to be safe after all! That thought gave us courage, and we started to yell at the top of our voices and to wave, torches in hand, with all our might. Luckily it didn’t take long for the rescue team to spot us. They manoeuvred the helicopter a few feet above our heads and lowered down the rope-ladder, from which we could all climb to safety. It wasn’t a minute too soon however, because as we peered down into the darkness, we saw our boat capsize and could only get a final glimpse of it, before the hull got completely engulfed by the raging sea. The return trip was as silent as it was miserable. No words could express the way we felt. From the look in our eyes it was evident that we were both relieved and shocked at the same time. After that traumatic experience I promised myself I would never step on a boat again. The picture of the angry sea trying to pull us down still haunts my dreams at night. At times the images are so vivid that I wake up in the middle of the night, feeling all sweaty and gasping for air.

Compare Polymers Metal And Ceramics Architecture Essay

Ceramicss are inorganic and nonmetallic stuffs formed from metallic and nonmetallic elements whose interatomic bonds are either ionic or largely ionic. Many of the ceramics desirable belongingss are obtained normally by a high temperature heat intervention. Ceramicss are made up of two or more elements. In a crystalline construction is more complex than that of metals. When the bonding is largely ionic the crystal construction is made up of positively charged metallic ions, cations, negatively charged nonmetallic ions and anions. When the ions are bonded together the overall charge must be impersonal. To hold a stable system the anions in the construction that surround a cation must be in contact with that peculiar ion. There needs to be a ratio of the cation radius to the anion radius for the coordination and apprehension of the constructions geometry. If for illustration there is a deficiency of coordination, the cation would be falsely incased by the anions therefore doing a prost ration in its expected structural stableness. There are many different types of constructions exist for ceramics. One crystal construction is the AX type where there are an equal figure of cations and anions. Another crystal construction that exists for ceramics has a different figure of cations and anions but still has a impersonal charge because the ions have different magnitudes of charge is called an AmXp construction. An AmBnXp construction has more than one type of cation, represented by A and B but merely one type of anion. This type of construction is besides seen in close wadding of ions in metals. Imperfections occur in the crystal construction of ceramics really similar to metal structural defects. Defects can happen in each of the two ions of the construction. At any clip there can be cation, anion interstitials, cation or anion vacancies. Most defects or imperfectnesss occur in braces to keep the electroneutrality. A Frenkel defect is a cation vacancy and cation interst itial brace. When a cation and anion vacancy brace occurs they are called a Schottky defect. Ceramicss can besides hold drosss in the crystal construction like metals.Figure 12.21 gives a conventional diagram of the Frenkel and a Schotkey defects ( pg 435 ) .In many instances ceramics tend to be really brickle which can take to ruinous failure with really few marks of weariness. This is due to the fact that ceramics absorb really small energy before they fracture. When ceramics are subjected to a tensile emphasis, they about ever break before any fictile distortion takes topographic point. Fracture occurs because of the formation and extension of clefts perpendicular to the applied burden. Ceramicss have a greater ability to defy compaction than tenseness. The modulus of snap lessenings with more pores in the ceramic stuff. When there are many pores in the stuff they act as emphasis concentrators which expose the stuff to weak part. However, ceramics are really difficult and are goo d for applications where abradant or crunching action is needed. Most polymers are organic and are composed of hydrocarbons with interatomic forces that are represented as covalent bonds. Most polymers ironss are rather long and really complex. These long molecules are made up of repetition units which are repeated along the concatenation. The smaller repetition unit is called a monomer. Polymers can be made up of a individual repetition unit, called a homopolymer, or two or more different reiterating units called copolymers. Polymers by and large have a really big molecular weight. These molecular ironss tend to hold many kinking, bending, and gyrating along with web with adjacent ironss may happen. This causes the result stuff to be really elastic. Polymer ironss can hold side groups which cause different constellations based on which side and with what regularity they bond. They can show a degree of crystallinity similar to the wadding of the molecular ironss to make an ordered atomic array. This crystal construction can be much more complex than metallic crystal constructions. Defects in polymers besides differ from those found in metals and ceramics. Defects in polymers are linked to the concatenation ends because they are somewhat different than the concatenation itself and emerge from the sections of the crystal. Polymers are really sensitive to strive rate, temperature, and chemical nature of the environment. Different polymers can exhibit different emphasis strain behaviour depending on the compl exness of the molecular concatenation. Certain polymers display a degree of is brickle where break occurs before elastic distortion which is really similar in the instance of ceramics. Another type of polymers is really similar to metals where elastic distortion takes topographic point foremost followed by giving and fictile distortion. A 3rd type is exhibited by elastomers which have wholly elastic and recoverable distortion. Polymers by and large have a lower modulus of snap and tensile strength so metals. Some Polymers can be stretched up to ten times longer than its original province where metals and ceramics can non easy carry through. Polymers exhibit viscoelasticity at temperatures between where elastic and liquid like behaviours are prevailing. Similar to metals and ceramics, polymers can see weirdo. Creep is a clip dependent factor due to deformation under emphasis or elevated temperature. In both ceramics and polymers, creep depends on clip and temperature. Polymers may be malleable or brickle depending on temperature, strain rate, specimen geometry, and manner of lading which is really similar to the belongingss of metals. Polymers are brickle at low temperatures and have somewhat low impact strengths. Polymers can see weariness under a insistent burden. They are by and large softer than metals and ceramics and unlike metals and ceramics, polymer runing occur over a scope of temperatures alternatively at a specific temperature. Metallic elements are a stuff made up of metallic elements that are bonded metallically similar common metal. The negatrons are non bound to any peculiar atom making a matrix of ion nucleuss surrounded by many negatrons. They are really good music directors of heat and electricity where as ceramics and polymers are missing. Polymers and metals are both malleable and are non that brickle though metals besides exhibit a degree of plasticity. Ceramicss are really brittle, they tend to fracture under a burden which means they are missing in ductileness. Polymers are the softest stuff due to their complex construction, while ceramics are the hardest but are non really tough because they fracture before fictile distortion occurs. Polymers plastically deform really easy and have the smallest Young ‘s modulus. Ceramicss have the highest value because of their crispness and ne'er reach the point of fictile distortion because they would fracture foremost. The values of Young ‘s mod ulus for metals fall between those for polymers and ceramics. These three stuffs have diverse constructions and exhibit different degrees of defects.â€Å" Alloying, † utilizing the term in the broadest sense.Simply an metal is a metal compound that consists of 2 or more metal or nonmetallic elements. These combinations of metallic and non metallic elements finally create new compounds that in consequence show superior structural belongingss as compared to the elements by themselves. The type of metal mixtures is extremely dependent on the coveted mechanical belongings of the stuff. Alloying can be applied to metals, ceramics and polymers where in each particular belongingss are desired. One of the most coveted belongingss of metal metal is the hardenability. A stuff with a high degree of hardness will defy distortion caused by surface indenture or scratch while a stuff with a low hardness degree will deform more easy under similar conditions. The chief factor in a stuff ‘s hardenability is its martensite ( the rate which austenitized Fe C metals are formed when cooled ) besides content and is related to the sum of C in a stuff. With this application of debasing on metals, the stuff can exhibit greater strain and emphasis oppositions every bit good as snap. These belongingss are favourable when covering with building and fabrication procedures. A ceramic metal is fundamentally a merger of a ceramic with of 2 or more metals. As seen in metal metals, ceramic metals can dwell of dross atoms in a solid province. In ceramic metals an interstitial and substitutional provinces are possible. In an interstitial type, the anion has to be bigger than the dross of the ionic radius. The substitutional dross applies where the dross atom normally forms a cation in the ceramic stuff therefore the host cation will be substituted.Figure 12.23 provides a great ocular representation of interstitial and substitutional types in a ceramic metal ( pg 437 ) .Significantly, to decently accomplish a solid province of solubility for replacing dross atoms, the charge and the ionic size must be as the same as the host ion. If they were different it there would necessitate to be some other manner for the electroneutrality to be maintained within the solid. An easy manner to make this is to make a formation of lattice defects of vacancies or interstitial of both ion types. Cobalt Cr is a perfect illustration of a ceramic metal in which was designed to be used for coronary intercessions therefore because it does non degrade one time placed in the human organic structure. Polymer alloys consist of two or more different types of polymers in a sense blended together. There are a assortment of additives that can be blended or mixed in with the polymer to make the coveted consequence for the stuff. Polymer additives that support the alteration of its physical belongingss are fillers, plasticisers, stabilizers and of class fire retardents. Fillers are by and large introduced to a polymer, when a greater comprehensive strength and thermic stableness is desired. Making these types of metals are really good because they are by and large really easy to make and utilize in their coveted signifier. Plasticizers help better the flexibleness and stamina of polymers by cut downing the hardness and stiffness of the stuff. They are frequently introduced to polymers that are by and large brickle at room temperature. These additives are particularly utile because they by and large lower the glass passage temperature therefore leting the polymer to hold a extent of bend ability. Due to the fact that certain polymers are non resilient to environmental conditions, stabilizers are introduced. They provide stableness and unity against impairment against the mechanical belongingss. The two most common signifiers of environmental impairment are UV exposure and oxidization. A major concern with many polymers is that they are extremely flammable. Fire retardents are introduced to such polymers to cut down the combustibleness of the stuff by interfering with its ability to burn through a gas stage or originating a different burning reaction that generates less heat. This procedure will cut down the temperature that would finally discontinue the combustion procedure.Kirill Shkolnik105940393 ESG 332 – R01 Exam # 2 ( Question # 2 )Describe with mention to phase diagrams and disruption theory, how precipitation age hardening can be achieved in aluminium metals.By and large aluminium is a metal with a low degree of denseness compared to other metals. Due to this low degree of denseness, it conducts electricity and heat better than Cu. Aluminums merely over 1200 grades Fahrenheit which is comparably low to other metals. Due to these simple facts, it seems ideal to bond elements such as Ti, Si, Cu, Zn and other stuffs to amplify aluminiums positive properties. The procedure precipitation age hardening can magnify the alloying of aluminium. This procedure involves supersaturating a solid solution precipitating equally dispersed atoms on the aluminium. This will assist halt the motion of disruptions within the metal construction. The basic construct of disruption is the atomic misalignment of atoms in a additive plane. These atomic misalignments affect a whole series of atoms on a plane. The series of misalign atoms form a line called a disruption line. There are two known types of disruption called the prison guard and border disruption. Screw disruption and border disruption are the primary types of disruptions but require a certain sum of each other to happen. By cut downing the sum of disruptions can radically increase the strength in the metal. The procedure of debasing normally makes a pure stuff harder. The procedure of debasing is holding one metal bond with dross atoms from other stuffs to alter its mechanical belongingss. An debasing procedure called solid solution debasing uses a solution to replace bonds inside the metal. The modification of disruption motion is a major factor for debasing because it can be used to beef up metals. Debasing metals with the precipitation hardening makes the strength of the new stuff stronger as the advancement of the procedure is delayed. The ground for precipitation hardening is sought after is because of its abilities in do ing metals stronger. Aluminum metals can hold precipitation in a really specific manner. Heat intervention occurs when one stuff is heated a supersaturated mixture at a specific stage and so two different stages can be present together. A precipitate signifiers in little pieces throughout the full stuff. When the mixture is at its equilibrium, the forming procedure comes to an terminal. The little pieces of precipitate so spread together to organize one big precipitate. This phase of the precipitate tends to weaken the stuffs cardinal construction. The little pieces of precipitate in the stuff make it harder for disruptions to travel. When strength of the stuff diminishes due to the motion of the precipitate it is called overaging. There are two things need for heat interventions to be applied.Figure 11.21 provides a graphical representation the relationship between temperature and composing for aluminium and Cu ( pg 402 ) .The Cu stage represented at a shows a supersaturated solid solution in aluminium while the compound that between the two elements is symbolized as? . Interestingly the point M represents the max solubility point at certain temperature and composing in the stuff. Point N represents the solubility bound of a and ( a + ? ) L symbolizes the temperature needed for the solution to go a liquid. If a major sum of solute is made available in the solution, we would hold a precipitation hardened metal. The bound of the solubility curve immensely decreases in concentration as the temperature decreases. There are two different ways precipitation can happen. One procedure is the usage heat intervention where the solute can be dissolved to organize a solid individual stage solution. This method can be done by heating an metal to a really high temperature.Figure 11.24 shows that the? stage is blended into a stage ( pg 404 ) .Then the metal is cooled where all that is left is a supersaturated a stage. Precipitation heat intervention the ( a + ? ) stage is heated to a specific temperature to let the? stage to precipitate. The metal is cooled and the hardness of the metal is determined by clip. A logarithmic map a comparing with strength and clip proves the dependance of temperature and strength.Kirill Shkolnik105940393 ESG 332 – R01 Exam # 2 ( Question # 3 )Describe what is meant by the term â€Å" glass passage temperature † and exemplify your reply from polymer and ceramic point of position.Typically a glass passage temperature is where a noncrystalline signifier of a polymer or a ceramic is cooled and transforms from a super cooled liquid into a glass. A ceramic or a glassy stuff is a noncrystalline stuff that becomes progressively more syrupy when it is cooled. Due to the fact that glassy stuffs are noncrystalline there is no definite temperature when the liquid will transform into a solid. Though, it is besides of import to observe that in noncrystalline stuffs the specific volume is dependent on temperature and will diminish with the temperature. The glass passage temperature displays a decrease in the rate at which the particular volume decreases with temperature. When the temperature is below this value, the stuff is in a ceramic from and straight above this point the stuff is considered a superco oled liquid. The glass passage temperature occurs in both glassy and semicrystalline polymers, but non in crystalline stuffs. As certain molecular ironss in noncrystalline stuffs temperature bead due to miss of gesture the glass temperature passage occurs. Basically glass passage is the clip in which a steady transmutation occurs from the liquid province to a somewhat rubberlike province and so to the concluding more stiff solid stuff. The glass passage temperature is the province in which the stuff goes from its rubbery to stiff province. This passage can take topographic point in both waies. As a polymer for illustration is cooled to a stiff solid, it can be heated and undergo the same passage in contrary. As the stuff undergoes all of these alterations its belongingss change from province to province. Some stuffs can see greater alteration include the stiffness, heat capacity, and the coefficient of thermic enlargement for the stuff during this passage. The glass passage temperature besides acts as a bound boundary for applications of polymers and polymer matrix like constituents. If this temperature is beyond the stuff threshold, it will no longer suit the coveted belongingss the undertaking had called for and the application would be useless. The molecules that had been frozen in topographic point below the will both revolve and interpret at the temperatures above. Molecular features have an impact on the concatenation ‘s stiffness and will in bend affect the glass passage temperature for the stuff. Some molecular features that can do the concatenation ‘s flexibleness to be reduced and the glass passage temperature to increase that include bulky side groups on the molecular concatenation. Besides these features can impact polar atoms or groups of polar atoms on the side of the molecular concatenation, dual bonds, and aromatic groups. The glass passage temperature will besides increase as the molecular weight of the stuff additions. Branching besides influences the of a stuff, many subdivisions will diminish the ironss mobility and addition, a lower denseness of subdivisions will do the to diminish as the molecular ironss will hold a freer scope of gesture. Crosslinks can happen in glassy polymers and can impact, they cause the decrease of gesture and hence addition. If there are excessively many crosslinks occur in the stuff, the molecular gesture would be so limited that glass passage may non happen. It can be understood that many of the same molecular features which affect the glass passage temperature besides affect the thaw passage temperature. The two are affected in such a similar mode that is normally someplace between 0.5 to 0.8 times the runing passage temperature.Figure 15.19 demonstrates this mathematic relationship ( pg 548 ) .Both ceramic and polymers have a glass passage temperature. A glass can be referred to by several different names ; such as vitreous solid, an formless solid or glassy solid. An formless solid has the mechanical belongingss of a solid, but does non hold long scope molecular order where they are in gesture at a really slow rate that it be considered stiff for regular intents. When glassy stuffs have be en supercooled below the glass passage temperature they will take on features similar to those of a crystalline solid. This solid will go stiff with an increased hardness and will be more brickle. However, if a glassy stuff is heated to above its glass passage temperature it will go softer and many of the intermolecular bonds will interrupt leting the stuff to flux at an increasing fluid viscousness. A polymer below the glass passage temperature is more stiff, but as it enters its glass passage stage, the stuff becomes more rubbery as its viscousness additions. The polymer can come in its glass passage at a lower temperature when critical factors that normally affect the gesture of the molecules in the stuff are non all present. When molecular weight of a polymer additions, the glass passage temperature will besides increase. Many factors that increase the the gum elastic gasket would non make its occupation decently.Polymers can exhibit the undermentioned constructions: formless, semi-crystalline and crystalline. Describe these constructions and explicate how the mechanical belongingss may be influenced by these structural signifiers for a polymer of the same chemical expression.Polymers can develop formless, semi-crystalline and crystalline constructions of the same chemical expression. Polymers can be as liquids, semi solids, or solids related to the crystal constructions severally. However each of these constructions exhibit a assortment of different mechanical belongingss. The crystallinity of a polymer depends on the intermolecular secondary bonding which will to a great extent act upon the extent of any mechanical belongings of the polymer. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and compaction strength of a crystalline construction will be stronger than a semicrystalline construction and significantly stronger than formless type construction. For a crystalline construction the molecular ironss of the polymer are tightly packed together in an organized atomic group which take up infinite and will impact the polymers mechanical belongingss. These crystalline constructions are to a great extent influenced by the glass passage temperature. Besides the isomer and chemical expression lays out important factors that will be really of import in the formation of the bulk stuff construction. From certain big bulky functional groups there becomes an at hand hinderance that will suppress the motion capableness of a molecule. This procedure will increase the energy demand for any stage alteration. The result of this procedure is a greater passage temperature. This new temperature passage will increase the opportunities for the formation of a crystalline construction. The ground for this is and clip span before the stuff becomes a disorganised liquid and requires a longer clip for the molecules to set up themselves decently. When polymers have many subdivisions the weaker the stuff will be, even though crystalline constructions are stronger than less ordered stuffs.Figure 15.18 demonstrates the alteration in these structural provinces when specific volume and temperature are compared ( pg 546 ) .Pure polymers have a really little runing point scopes and bond strength. Doped polymers and polymer metals will by and large hold wider runing point scopes. The procedure of ramific ation will diminish the strength of a polymer, which would continuously diminish the thaw point temperature. Though, the act of ramifying on to a great extent heavy subdivisions will diminish molecule mobility. Besides within this procedure the molecular weight is affected every bit good.Kirill Shkolnik105940393 ESG 332 – R01 Exam # 2 ( Question # 4 )How are T-T-T and C-C-T diagrams used to plan heat intervention agendas for field C steels.Time-Temperature-Transformation or T-T-T and uninterrupted chilling transmutation or C-C-T are used for heat intervention agendas for field C steel. T-T-T are normally known as an isothermal transmutation diagrams can demo the alteration of different stages at certain temperatures. C-C-T can be used to cipher percent transmutation against the logarithm map through clip. The usage the isothermal transmutation and uninterrupted chilling transmutation diagrams can be used to develop a heat intervention for field C steels. These diagrams will back up the apprehension of C steels through stage diagrams. When a construction is heat treated, its chilling procedure helps retain its construction. This procedure can be analyzed through T-T-T.Figure 10.13 displays a graphical representation of temperature against clip with a 3rd dimension with the per centum of the steel metal transformed to pearlite ( pg 326 ). The apprehension of a rapid chilling metal sully depends on the apprehension and application of heat intervention. It is understood that isothermal transmutations do non alter in temperature but uninterrupted chilling transmutation diagrams do. C-C-T and T-T-T display the same dimensions but over a larger spectrum of clip and temperature.Figure 10.28 shows different signifiers of steel metals ( pg 338 ) .A stuff that has been cooled to a temperature so mewhat below its eutectoid temperature, and isothermal transmutation is maintained for an drawn-out period of clip, interestingly it can non be depicted on T-T-T diagrams in spheroid signifiers.

Why Fahrenheit 451 Will Always Be Terrifying

Why Fahrenheit 451 Will Always Be Terrifying There’s a reason dystopian science fiction is evergreen- no matter how much time goes by, people will always regard the future with suspicion. The common wisdom is that the past was pretty good, the present is barely tolerable, but the future will be all Terminator-style robots and Idiocracy slides into chaos. Every few years political cycles cause an uptick in attention being paid to classic dystopias; the 2016 Presidential election pushed George Orwell’s classic 1984 back onto the bestseller lists, and made Hulu’s adaptation of The Handmaid’s Tale a depressingly appropriate viewing event. The trend continues; HBO announced a film adaptation of Ray Bradbury’s classic 1953 science fiction novel Fahrenheit 451. If it seems surprising that a book published more than six decades ago might still be terrifying for modern audiences, you probably just haven’t read the novel recently. Fahrenheit 451 is one of those rare sci-fi novels that ages wonderfully- and remains just as terrifying today as it did in the middle of the 20th century, for a variety of reasons. More Than Books If you’ve been alive for more than a few years, odds are you know the basic logline of Fahrenheit 451: In the future, houses are largely fireproof and firemen have been re-purposed as enforcers of laws that prohibit the ownership and reading of books; they burn the homes and possessions (and books, natch) of anyone caught with contraband literature. The main character, Montag, is a fireman who begins to look at the illiterate, entertainment-obsessed, and shallow society he lives in with suspicion, and begins stealing books from the homes he burns. This is often boiled down to a slim metaphor on book-burning- which is a thing that still happens- or a slightly more subtle hot-take on censorship, which by itself makes the book evergreen. After all, people are still fighting to have books banned from schools for a variety of reasons, and even Fahrenheit 451 was bowdlerized by its publisher for decades, with a â€Å"school version† in circulation that removed the profanity and changed several concepts to less alarming forms (Bradbury discovered this practice and made such a stink the publisher re-issued the original in the 1980s). But the key to appreciating the terrifying nature of the book is that it isn’t just about books. Focusing on the books aspect allows people to dismiss the story as a book nerd’s nightmare, when the reality is that what Bradbury was really writing about is the effect he saw mass media like television, film, and other media (including some he couldn’t have predicted) would have on the populace: Shortening attention spans, training us to seek constant thrills and instant gratification- resulting in a populace that lost not just its interest in seeking the truth, but its ability to do so. Fake News In this new age of â€Å"fake news† and Internet conspiracy, Fahrenheit 451 is more chilling than ever because what we’re seeing is possibly Bradbury’s terrifying vision of the future playing out- just more slowly than he imagined. In the novel, Bradbury has the main antagonist, Captain Beatty, explain the sequence of events: Television and sports shortened attention spans, and books began to be abridged and truncated in order to accommodate those shorter attention spans. At the same time, small groups of people complained about language and concepts in books that were now offensive, and the firemen were assigned to destroy books in order to protect people from concepts they would be troubled by. Things are certainly nowhere near that bad right now- and yet, the seeds are clearly there. Attention spans are shorter. Abridged and bowdlerized versions of novels do exist. Film and television editing has become incredibly fast-paced, and video games have arguably had an effect on plot and pacing in stories in the sense that many of us need stories to be constantly exciting and thrilling in order to keep our attention, while slower, more thoughtful stories seem boring. The Whole Point And that’s the reason Fahrenheit 451 is terrifying, and will remain terrifying for the foreseeable future despite its age: Fundamentally, the story is about a society that voluntarily and even eagerly abets its own destruction. When Montag tries to confront his wife and friends with thoughtful discussion, when he tries to turn off the TV programs and make them think, they become angry and confused, and Montag realizes that they are beyond help- they don’t want to think and understand. They prefer to live in a bubble. Book-burning began when people chose not to be challenged by thoughts they didn’t find comforting, thoughts that challenged their preconceptions. We can see those bubbles everywhere around us today, and we all know people who only get their information from limited sources that largely confirm what they already think. Attempts to ban or censor books still get robust challenges and resistance, but on social media you can witness people’s hostile reactions to stories they don’t like, you can see how people create narrow â€Å"silos† of information to protect themselves from anything scary or unsettling, how people are often even proud of how little they read and how little they know beyond their own experience. Which means that the seeds of Fahrenheit 451 are already here. That doesn’t mean it will come to pass, of course- but that’s why it’s a frightening book. It goes far beyond the gonzo concept of firemen burning books to destroy knowledge- it’s a succinct and frighteningly accurate analysis of precisely how our society could collapse without a single shot being fired, and a dark mirror of our modern age where unchallenging entertainment is available to us at all times, on devices we carry with us at all times, ready and waiting to drown out any input we don’t want to hear. HBO’s adaptation of Fahrenheit 451 doesn’t have an air date yet, but it’s still the perfect time to re-introduce yourself to the novel- or to read it for the first time. Because it’s always a perfect time to read this book, which is one of the most frightening things you could possibly say.

Complete Guide to Internships for High School Students

Complete Guide to Internships for High School Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you a high school student interested in getting an internship? Internships are a great way to learn about different careers, as well as get experience that you can include on your resume and college applications. Read on to learn what the benefits of internships are, what work you’ll be doing, how to find a great internship for you, and how to get the most out of your internship experience. What Is an Internship? An internship is a short-term job that allows the worker, or intern, to gain introductory experience in a certain profession.As an intern, you will work for a company or organization and gain hands-on and practical experience you can use for future jobs. There can be a lot of variation between internships. They may be part-time or full-time, paid or unpaid, take place over the summer or during the school year, and last anywhere from a few weeksto a year or more.Because internships are designed for people with little or no experience in a particular career field, most interns are students or recent college graduates. What Do You Do at an Internship? Your duties and responsibilities during your internship will depend a loton where you work. You may be calling prospective clients for a business, conducting a research experiment in a lab, leading tours at an art gallery, or one of many other options. Typically, you will spend your internship doing work similar to that of an entry-level employee at the organization.You may also do work related to severaljobs in order to learn more about different career paths.During your internship, you may work withemployees, customers, other interns, on your own, or a combination of these.Typically you will have a supervisor who will act as your boss, assign you work, and make sure you feel comfortable atyour internship. What Are the Benefits of Internships? There are multiple reasons to pursue an internship in high school; I've listed a few of the most important benefits below. Gain Experience and Skills One of the most important benefits of doing an internship is that you’ll gain skills and experience that you can use for future jobs and classes.Completing an internship that relates to a job you may want to have will help you getrelevant work experience and a better chance of getting a full-time job in that field in the future. The experiences and skills you gain during your internship can also help you in future classes as well. Don’t expect something new every minute of your internship; most of them include some less interesting duties, such as answering phones and sorting mail. However, every intern should come away with some new skills and knowledge as a result of their internship. Learn About Different Careers Doing an internship is a great, low-risk way to learn about different jobs because they provide hands-on experience and the opportunity to observe many different aspects of a career. While doing your internship, youmay learn that you don’t really enjoy a particular job that you thought you’d love, or you may discover a job you initially didn't findinteresting is actually a great fit for you.It’s much better to figure these things out during ahigh schoolinternship rather than waiting until you’ve finished college and started working to discover that the jobs you spent four years and thousands of dollars preparing foraren't a good fit for you. When I was in high school, I loved history and archaeology, and my dream job was to be an archaeologist. As a junior, I had a short internship that included surveying and excavating a field site with archaeologists. While it was a great opportunity to have, it taught me that being an archaeologist is a lot different than I imagined and not something I would enjoy as a career. Because I found this out in high school, I was able to research other careers and majors and have a better sense of what I wanted to do by the time I started college. Can Strengthen Your Resume and College Applications Internships are great experiences to include on job and college applications.Completing an internship, especially as a high school student, shows that you are a hard worker, motivated, and interested in learning new things. These are all qualities that employers and schools like to see in applicants. PotentialWay to Earn Money If your internship is paid, you also have the benefit of earning a paycheck, which I’m sure you know is a great benefit and can help you put money away for college. Should You Do an Internship If It's Unpaid? The unfortunate reality is that many internships, particularly those for high school students, aren’t paid. Many companies try to save costs by not paying interns, and high school interns are particularly likely to be unpaid because they often need a lot of training and can only do entry-level work, at least at the beginning of the internship. However, even if an internship is unpaid, you may still want to consider doing it. Why would you want to work for free?Great internships can teach you as much or more than many of the classes you take. You’ll learn what certain careers involve, gain hands-on experience, work with professionals, and learn new skills. If the internship is in a field you find interesting or want to pursue a career in one day, those benefits may make up for the lack of a paycheck.You may also be able to get academic credit for an unpaid internship, so even if you aren’t earning money, your internshipcan count as a class on your high school transcript. If you are trying to earn a lot of money now or can’t find an internship you are really excited about, then it might not be the best idea to do an unpaid internship because it may onlyfrustrate you and make your schedule busier. However, if you see an internship that seems relevant and interesting, you may want to consider it, even if it’s unpaid. Unpaid internships can still have many benefits, and it’s a good idea to consider unpaid work now, while you’re likely still living with your parents and don’t have student loans to pay off than to wait until college or after college graduation to do your first (and likely unpaid) internship. Doing an unpaid internship now can help you get a paid job or internship in the future because you will already have some experience. Just because an internship doesn't fill up your piggy bank doesn't mean you should automatically discount it. Whereto Find High School Internships It has become more and more popular for high school students to do internships, so there are a lot of resources available. However, the majority of internships are still primarily for college students, so keep that in mind while searching. Below are three of the best places to start your search. Your School Your high school may already have a program in place to help students find internships, or they may have a list of places where previous students have completed internships and enjoyed them. Talk to your academic counselor to learn what information your school has and if they can help you organize an internship. Places Where You'd Like to Work Another way to find internships is to ask directly at companies or organizations where you’d like to intern. Create a resume and be ready to talk about yourself, your interests, and what you’d like to learn at an internship. Then contact the company (in-person, by phone, or through e-mail), and ask if they offer internships for high school students and how you can apply. If they don’t, and you’re still interested in learning more about working there, ask if they offer shorter-term opportunities such as job shadowing. Internet Search Try searching â€Å"internships near [your town]† or â€Å"internships in [field you’re interested in, such as medicineorbusiness].† Because manyinternships are for college students, youshould try the other two options first because you may not be eligible for many of the internships you find online. You may also want to search "internships for high school students" to increase your chances of finding an internship you can apply for. You can find a lot of opportunities and information about internships online, but you also have to be careful about internships advertised on the internet. Some, especially if they are a company that specializes in setting up unpaid internships, exist only to make money for themselves and may not be as concerned about the quality of the internships they are offering. In general, be very wary ofcompanies that charge a fee to help you find an internship. While many internships for high schoolstudentsare unpaid, you should not have to pay large amounts of money in order to find one. What Questions Should You Ask Before Accepting an Internship? Unfortunately, as interning becomes more popular amongstudents, many companies have begun offering unpaid â€Å"internships† as a way to get free work. Many of these internships offer no compensation and little relevant experience; instead interns spend their time performing repetitive tasks or busywork that teaches few or no skills. In order to avoid these situations, research internships carefully before agreeing to one (especially ones you find on the internet), and talk to people at the organization to get answers to the following questions. What Duties Will the Intern Do? Even if the intern’s main responsibilitiesare statedon the job application or another resource, you should still ask your interviewer or potential supervisor to describe the day-to-day work because sometimes what they say can differ a lot from what is written. Listen carefully to their answers, and ask for clarification if necessary. Asking questions like â€Å"How will I spend most of my time?† or â€Å"What will be my main responsibilities as an intern?† can help you learn more about the internship and if the work you’ll be doing is relevant to your interests. If there is work you are particularly interested in, ask if you’ll have an opportunity to try it and about how much of your time will be spent on that duty. For example, if you are applying for an internship at a science lab and really want to learn more about microbiology and conducting different scientific tests, make sure you won’t be spending all your time cleaning beakers before you agree to an internship. Expect to do some busywork during your internship, but itshould also include some work that you find interesting and beneficial. How Will Interns Be Compensated? Even if you are not getting paid, you should still be benefitingin some way. After all, you are putting in a lot of hard work as an intern, and the company you work for should repay you with more than just a line on your resume. Examples of benefits that aren’t monetary include receiving quality training, learning new skills, getting academic credit, getting a housing or transportation stipend, possibly being hired at the end of the internship, orbeing introduced to workers who may be able to help you find a job in the future. If you aren’t sure how you’ll be compensated, don’t be afraid to askfor clarification. Asking your interviewer or contact at the company, â€Å"What are the ways I will benefit from doing this internship?† or something similar will show that you are direct and interested in making the most of your experience. How Much Are Interns Expected to Work? Some companies try to get as many hours out of their interns as possible, so make sure you and your employer are on the same page. There should be no confusion about this before you begin working. Your employer should provide a document that states how many hours you are expected to work a week and how many weeks you will be working for. If they don’t, ask for one before you begin working.Having this settled before youstart your internshipwill reduce the possibility of you working long, unexpected hours and feeling like you are being taken advantage of. How Can You Make the Most of Your High School Internship? After you have researched internships, applied to those that interest you, and been offered a position, it’s time to start working! Take the following steps to make sure you are getting as much out of your internship as possible. Learn as Much as You Can For most internships, the more effort you put in, the more benefits you get.Make it a goal to learn as much as you can during your internship. Even if a particular duty doesn’t seem that exciting, do your best at it. You never know, you may find it interesting or use those skills down the road. Be proactive. If you don’t have enough work to do, ask your supervisor what other things you can help with. This will help you learn more and show your boss that you are motivated and a hard worker. If you don’t know how to do something or need more information, ask! As an intern, you aren’t expected to know everything, and it’s much better to ask for help than to try to do something on your own and potentially make a big mistake. Discuss What You'd Like to Learn An internship is an opportunity for you to gain skills and knowledge that you think will benefit you in the future, so you want to make sure that at least part of what you are learning is applicable and interesting. You likely won’t be able to decide everything you get to do, but if there is a certain job you want to try or skill you want to learn, mention this to your supervisor. They may be able to give you some roles that require that skill or put you in contact with people who know a lot about that field and can answer your questions. Remember, both the company and you should be benefitingfrom this internship. Make Personal Connections One major benefit to internships is that you can make professional connections that may help you get a job in the future.If people know you and like the work you do, they will be more willing to hire you one day, even if they move to a different company. While at your internship, make it a point to speak with as many people as you can.You can also use your new contacts to get advice and learn more about a particular career field by asking them questions like why they chose this job, what they like about it, what they dislike, and if they have any advice for you as you finish high school and begin college. Summary Internships are a great way for high school studentsto get experience, gainnew skills, and learn more about different jobs and career fields. Internships can involve many duties and responsibilities, but, in general, they give the intern entry-level experience in a certain job or profession. Even unpaid internships can benefit you by giving you work experience, new skills, and a better idea of the type of career you want to have. To find an internship, talk toyour academic adviser, contact places where you’d like to work, or search online. Before agreeing to an internship, make sure you research it carefully so you understand what you’ll be doing. Once you begin working, make the most of your internship by learning as much as you can, being willing to do extra work, and getting to know your coworkers. What's Next? Want to learn more about a certain career but don't have the time to commit to an internship? Job shadowing may be just what you're looking for! Check out our complete guide to job shadowing. Wondering if you should get a job? We have guides to help you decide if getting a job is the right choice for you as well asthe eight best jobs for teenagers. Community service is also a great way to get experience and learn about different jobs. Read our guide to learnwhat community service is and how it can benefit you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: